Global Intel Feed
Russia routed ~$22B gold via UAE bypassing SWIFT sanctions 2022-24 · West Africa artisanal gold $10B+/yr enters formal supply via Dubai · DRI seizes 3,714kg India FY24 — 5,962 cases ₹2,081Cr · Central banks buy 1,237t in 2025 near-record · Myanmar junta funds operations via Kachin State gold · LBMA under pressure on African conflict gold sourcing · Venezuela FARC-linked gold $3-5B/yr via Miami and Madrid · Switzerland refines ~70% of world gold — provenance risk · ETF AUM hits $701B Mar 2026 historic high · OpenSanctions screens 328 global lists daily ·
Global Supply Chain Overview
XAU/USD (live)
$—
gold-api.com · real-time
—
Global gold market
$13T
total above-ground value
↑ At current prices
Global illicit flows
$30B+
annual estimate · multi-source
↑ Rising with gold price
CB purchases 2025
1,237t
near-record · WGC
↑ 53 all-time highs
Russia sanctions evasion
$22B+
via UAE/Turkey 2022-24
OFAC/BIS documented
Global ETF AUM
$701B
Mar 2026 historic high · WGC
↑ All-time record
Gold Price — 12 Month (USD/oz)
Live API
Central Bank Purchases (tonnes)
WGC
Global Enforcement Events Feed
Multi-source
India Seizures by Year (kg)
DRI
Global Illicit Flows by Region (est.)
TraCCC/GFI
Global Mine Production by Country
USGS 2024
India Import Sources (est. %)
UN Comtrade
Global Corridor Intelligence Map
Strategic Context
An estimated $30B+ of gold moves through illicit or informal channels annually. Eight major corridors account for the bulk of this flow. Each is driven by a distinct mechanism: duty arbitrage, sanctions evasion, conflict financing, or hawala remittance. The India–Gulf corridor is the richest data node; the others represent equally urgent global intelligence gaps.
West Africa → Dubai → World
Conflict gold · ASM mining
DRC · Mali · Burkina Faso$10B+/yrUN SC targeted
Artisanal and small-scale mining gold enters the formal supply chain via UAE refiners. TraCCC GMU, Global Witness, and UN Security Council documented. LBMA responsible gold guidance was developed in direct response.
Russia → UAE / Turkey → Global
Sanctions evasion · post-2022
~$10B in 2022OFAC-trackedBIS documented
Russia used gold to circumvent SWIFT sanctions from Feb 2022. UAE and Turkey absorbed flows. US Treasury issued secondary sanctions warnings. Hong Kong secondary node. Ongoing OFAC enforcement.
Gulf → India (all corridors)
Duty arbitrage · diaspora
800t formal/yr10.25% duty gap700k+ expats
India-UAE CEPA, total 10.25% duty (BCD 6%+SWS 1.25%+GST 3%) creating structural arbitrage. Top 3 seizure airports: Calicut, Kochi, Trivandrum. DRI FY24: 3,714kg nationally. Bucks deepest intelligence node.
Latin America → USA / EU
FARC financing · AML
$3-5B/yrFinCEN alertsMiami · Madrid
Venezuela, Peru, Bolivia artisanal gold — often FARC-linked — entering via Miami and Madrid. FinCEN issued multiple alerts. DOJ enforcement ongoing. Caribbean (Panama, Antilles) transit hubs documented.
Myanmar → China / Thailand
Conflict minerals · junta
Kachin StateUS sanctions applyYunnan route
Myanmar military controls Kachin State gold mining. Gold funds junta operations. Flows via Yunnan province China and Thailand. Also contributes to India's northeast land border seizures (55% land route total).
Switzerland — Refinery Hub
Provenance washing risk
~3,000t/yr refined70% global shareLBMA RGG
Valcambi, PAMP, Metalor, Argor-Heraeus refine ~70% of world gold. Conflict gold enters as "recycled." LBMA Responsible Gold Guidance attempts origin verification. Due diligence gaps persist.
Gulf → Pakistan / Bangladesh
Diaspora hawala · Phase 2
$4-6B/yr9M+ expatsBucks Phase 2
9M+ Pakistani and 1M+ Bangladeshi expats in UAE/Saudi. Similar structure to India-Gulf but less enforced. Primary Bucks protocol expansion corridor after India. Hawala gold flows extensively documented.
Singapore → Asia
Safe storage · emerging hub
PSPM Act 2019Non-bank storageUltra-HNI demand
Singapore emerging as "Geneva of the East." Non-bank gold storage surged in 2024-25. PSPM Act governs AML. Gateway to SE Asian markets: Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia diaspora corridors.
East Africa → UAE
Sudan · Ethiopia · Zimbabwe
$1-2B/yr est.State-controlledMilitia gold
Sudan military and militia-controlled mining. Ethiopia artisanal production poorly regulated. Zimbabwe state gold buying below market price. All flow via UAE as primary exit point. TraCCC GMU documented.
Global Corridor Summary Table
Multi-source public data
| Corridor | Est. Volume | Risk | Primary Mechanism | Key Sources | Bucks Relevance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| West Africa → Dubai → World | $10B+/yr | 95/100 | Conflict ASM gold → UAE refiners | TraCCC · UN SC · Global Witness | LBMA compliance data source |
| Russia → UAE/Turkey | $22B+ (2022-24) | 91/100 | SWIFT sanctions evasion via gold | OFAC · BIS · Reuters | Sanctions screening intelligence |
| Gulf → India (all airports) | 800t formal/yr | 87/100 | 10.25% duty arbitrage | DRI · DGFT · Parliament | Phase 1 core corridor |
| Latin America → USA/EU | $3-5B/yr | 78/100 | FARC/criminal group financing | FinCEN · DOJ · GFI | AML intelligence layer |
| Myanmar → China/Thailand | $1-2B/yr | 76/100 | Junta-controlled Kachin mining | US Treasury · UNODC | Conflict minerals intelligence |
| East Africa → UAE | $1-2B/yr | 73/100 | State/militia-controlled mining | TraCCC · GFI | Provenance intelligence |
| Switzerland refiners | ~3,000t/yr | 65/100 | Conflict gold laundered as recycled | LBMA · Global Witness | LBMA RGG compliance support |
| Gulf → Pakistan/Bangladesh | $4-6B/yr | 62/100 | Hawala diaspora flows | World Bank · FIU | Phase 2 protocol expansion |
| Singapore → SE Asia | Growing | Watch | Non-bank safe storage growth | MAS · PSPM · industry | Phase 3 corridor target |
Global Enforcement Intelligence Feed
India total FY24
3,714kg
₹2,081Cr · 5,962 cases
India DRI share
1,319kg
2,189 DRI cases FY24
Russia UAE flows 2022
~$10B
Post-SWIFT evasion · BIS
LatAm illicit est.
$3-5B
Annual · FinCEN / GFI
India land route
55%
Of seizures now via land · DRI
W. Africa → Dubai
$10B+
Annual · TraCCC / Global Witness
Global Enforcement Events — Public Record
Multi-source
India Seizure Trend FY20-FY24 (kg)
DRI + Parliament
India FY24 — Airport-wise Seizures (Top 10)
DRI / Rajya Sabha data
| Airport | State | Weight (kg) | % National | Corridor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Calicut Intl (CCJ) | Kerala | ~230 | ~6.2% | Dubai–Kerala primary |
| Kochi Intl (COK) | Kerala | ~220 | ~5.9% | Dubai–Kerala primary |
| Trivandrum Intl (TRV) | Kerala | ~140 | ~3.8% | Dubai–Kerala primary |
| Indira Gandhi Intl (DEL) | Delhi | ~380 | ~10.2% | Dubai/Singapore–Delhi |
| CSIA Mumbai (BOM) | Maharashtra | ~340 | ~9.2% | Dubai/HK–Mumbai |
| Chennai Intl (MAA) | Tamil Nadu | ~180 | ~4.8% | Singapore–Chennai |
| Bengaluru Intl (BLR) | Karnataka | ~160 | ~4.3% | Gulf–Bengaluru |
| Hyderabad (HYD) | Telangana | ~90 | ~2.4% | Gulf corridor |
| Land borders NE | Manipur/Mizoram | ~1,020 | ~27.5% | Myanmar land route |
| Other airports + land | Multiple | ~954 | ~25.7% | Various |
Notable Global Enforcement Actions — Public Record
DRI · FinCEN · UNODC · DOJ
| Date | Jurisdiction | Route / Entity | Volume / Value | Type | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2022–24 | UAE / Turkey | Russia gold exports post-SWIFT sanctions | ~$22B cumulative | Sanctions evasion | BIS · OFAC · Reuters |
| Mar 2025 | Bengaluru, India | DRI arrests — 14.2kg gold bars concealed on person | 14.2kg · ₹12.56Cr | Duty evasion | PIB / DRI |
| Nov 2025 | Mumbai, India | DRI — gold dust in wax, Central Railway | 5.685kg · ~₹55L | Smuggling | DRI |
| Feb 2025 | Calicut Airport | Passenger — gold concealed in body | 1,065g | Body packing | DRI |
| 2023 | Miami, USA | Venezuelan gold laundering — FinCEN SAR pattern | $400M+ identified | AML / FARC | FinCEN · DOJ |
| 2022 | DRC / Uganda | UN Panel — artisanal gold routed to Dubai refiners | Tonnes undocumented | Conflict minerals | UN Panel of Experts |
| FY24 | India — national | All agencies combined enforcement total | 3,714kg · ₹2,081Cr | Multiple | Rajya Sabha / FM |
| Ongoing | Myanmar | Kachin State military gold — junta funding | Est. $1-2B/yr | Conflict minerals | US Treasury · UNODC |
Global Price Arbitrage Intelligence
XAU/USD (live)
$—
global benchmark
INR / 10g (est.)
₹—
est. MCX India retail
India duty burden
10.25%
BCD 6% + SWS 1.25% + GST 3%
Incentive / kg
₹—
smuggling margin at spot
Gold Price by Global Market
Live estimates
London LBMA PM fix$—
Dubai DGCX (duty free)$—
Shanghai SGE$—
India MCX (est. retail)₹—
India + full import duty₹—
Singapore (non-bank vault)$—
New York COMEX future$—
India smuggling incentive/kg: ₹— · FM Sitharaman (Jul 2024): smuggling "has its own cycle irrespective of customs duty."
India Import Duty Structure 2025
DGFT
| Component | Rate | On ₹1L gold |
|---|---|---|
| Basic customs duty | 6.00% | ₹6,000 |
| Social welfare surcharge | 1.25% | ₹1,250 |
| GST (gold) | 3.00% | ₹3,000 |
| Total burden | ~10.25% | ₹10,250 |
| UAE-CEPA concessional: 4% for IIBX-routed imports via GIFT City | ||
Global Duty/Import Comparison
| Country | Import duty | Arbitrage incentive |
|---|---|---|
| India | ~10.25% | Very high · $3,000+/kg |
| Vietnam | ~10% | High |
| Turkey | ~8% | High (also Russia route) |
| Egypt | ~5% | Medium |
| UAE | 0% | Hub — no duty |
| Singapore | 0% (exempt) | Hub — no GST |
| Switzerland | 0% | Hub — refinery centre |
12-Month Gold Price — XAU/USD
Live data
Conflict Gold Intelligence
The Provenance Problem
Gold is unique among commodities — once refined, its origin cannot be determined by any physical test. An estimated 20-30% of formal supply originates from conflict zones. The LBMA Responsible Gold Guidance, OECD Due Diligence Guidance, and EU CSRD all require origin documentation — but no single public platform has aggregated this intelligence globally until now.
W. Africa → Dubai est.
$10B+
Annual · TraCCC · Global Witness
Conflict origin est.
20-30%
Of formal supply · WGC est.
LBMA refiners audited
70+
Responsible Gold Guidance
EU CSRD effective
2024
Mandatory supply chain disclosure
Global Conflict Gold Source Zones
UN SC · Global Witness · TraCCC · FinCEN
| Region | Countries | Est. volume | Entry point | Mechanism | Key intelligence source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Central Africa | DRC · Rwanda · Uganda | Tonnes undocumented | Dubai refiners | ASM gold laundered as "recycled" | UN Panel of Experts |
| Sahel / West Africa | Mali · Burkina Faso · Guinea | $3-5B/yr | Dubai · Switzerland | Jihadist and junta-controlled mining | Global Witness · GFI |
| East Africa | Sudan · Ethiopia · Zimbabwe | $1-2B/yr | Dubai · UAE | State-controlled and militia gold | TraCCC GMU · GFI |
| Southeast Asia | Myanmar (Kachin) | $1-2B/yr | China · Thailand | Military junta controls mining | US Treasury · UNODC |
| Latin America | Venezuela · Bolivia · Colombia | $3-5B/yr | Miami · Madrid · Caribbean | FARC and criminal group ASGM funding | FinCEN · DOJ · GFI |
| North Korea | DPRK (state-controlled) | $100-500M | China | Weapons programme funding · UN embargo | UN Panel of Experts |
The Dubai Nexus — How Conflict Gold Enters the Formal Market
TraCCC GMU
Step 1
Artisanal miners in DRC/Mali/Burkina Faso sell at below-market prices to local traders controlled by armed groups
Step 2
Gold transported overland to coastal ports, often via multiple transit countries to obscure origin
Step 3
Arrives at UAE (primarily Dubai) gold souks and refineries, declared as "recycled" or "scrap" gold
Step 4
Refined and re-exported as Dubai-origin gold with DMCC certification, laundered into formal supply chain
Step 5
Enters global supply to LBMA refiners, jewellery manufacturers, ETFs — origin effectively untraceable
Regulatory Compliance Timeline
FATF · LBMA · EU
| Date | Jurisdiction | Requirement |
|---|---|---|
| Jul 2026 | Australia | AML/CTF mandatory for all precious metals dealers |
| 2024 | EU | CSRD — supply chain due diligence incl. precious metals |
| Nov 2023 | Hong Kong SAR | Enhanced AML dealer requirements (FATF-aligned) |
| Nov 2025 | China (PBoC) | Enhanced KYC for gold transactions above CNY 100,000 |
| 2019 | Singapore | PSPM Act — precious stones/metals AML/CFT |
| Ongoing | India | PMLA reporting for dealers above ₹50,000 |
| Ongoing | LBMA | Responsible Gold Guidance audits for 70+ refiners |
Global Sanctions Intelligence
OFAC SDN entries
12,000+
Updated multiple times daily
OpenSanctions sources
328
Global consolidated dataset
Russia gold designations
Active
OFAC · EU · UK coordinated
AML compliance deadline
Jul 2026
Australia gold dealer mandates
Global Sanctions — Gold Relevance by Jurisdiction
Multi-source
| Jurisdiction | List | Gold-specific relevance | Update frequency | Public endpoint |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| USA | OFAC SDN + Non-SDN | Gold dealers, refiners, exporters from Russia, Iran, DPRK | Multiple daily | ofac.treasury.gov/downloads/sdn.json |
| United Nations | UN SC Consolidated | Mali, DRC, Sudan, DPRK — conflict gold and weapons funding | As published | scsanctions.un.org |
| European Union | EU FSF Consolidated | Russian gold ban, Belarus, Iran post-2022 rerouting intel | Daily | EC webgate FSF XML |
| UK | OFSI UK Sanctions | LBMA compliance — UK-market refiner and dealer obligations | Daily | gov.uk/ofsi |
| Global (328 sources) | OpenSanctions | Cross-jurisdiction entity screening — one clean consolidated dataset | Daily | opensanctions.org |
| Australia | AUSTRAC / DFAT | Mandatory gold dealer registration from July 2026 | Regulatory | austrac.gov.au |
| India | MEA / UAPA | Terror financing — gold as parallel currency | As published | mea.gov.in |
The Russia Gold Evasion Case Study
After SWIFT sanctions were imposed in February 2022, Russia rapidly pivoted to gold as a sanctions circumvention mechanism. Russia exported an estimated $10B+ of gold to UAE in 2022 alone, according to BIS and Reuters analysis. Turkey absorbed additional flows. The US Treasury issued secondary sanctions warnings to UAE and Turkish entities in 2023. Hong Kong emerged as a secondary absorption node. This single corridor represents the largest documented use of gold for sanctions evasion in history — and demonstrates precisely why supply chain intelligence is now a national security priority for G7 governments.
Key Sanctions Events — Gold Sector Timeline
OFAC · EU · BIS
| Date | Event | Impact on gold flows |
|---|---|---|
| Feb 2022 | Russia SWIFT sanctions + gold export ban (G7) | $10B+ rerouted via UAE/Turkey |
| Jun 2022 | G7 bans Russian gold imports | LBMA suspends Russian refiners |
| 2023 | US Treasury warns UAE entities on Russia gold | UAE compliance tightening |
| 2023 | FinCEN SAR surge — Venezuela gold laundering | $400M+ identified Miami network |
| May 2025 | DGFT Notification 08/2025-26 India-UAE CEPA | Gold HS code restructure tightened |
| Jul 2026 | Australia AML/CTF mandatory dealer compliance | New Asia-Pacific enforcement node |
How to Use This Intelligence
For compliance teams
Step 1 — Entity screening
Run counterparties against OpenSanctions (328 sources) and OFAC SDN via their free public JSON endpoints. Updates every 2-5 minutes.
Step 2 — Corridor risk assessment
Cross-reference supplier geography against corridor risk map. UAE-origin gold requires LBMA RGG audit trail; Russia-origin is prohibited.
Step 3 — Provenance documentation
EU CSRD now requires documented provenance. OECD Due Diligence Guidance provides the framework. Bucks intelligence supports the data layer.
Step 4 — Ongoing monitoring
Subscribe to DRI RSS, PIB feed, and OFAC delta files for real-time alerts. GitHub Actions cron job runs every 6 hours automatically.
Global Gold Trade Flows
Global mine production 2024
3,661t
USGS · WGC
India imports 2024
800t
World's 2nd largest consumer
China imports 2024
~1,400t
World's largest consumer
Swiss refining share
~70%
Valcambi · PAMP · Metalor
India Gold Imports — Annual (tonnes)
WGC / DGCIS
Top Gold Producing Countries 2024
USGS
Global Trade Flow Key Milestones — HS 7108
DGFT · LBMA · FATF · MEA
| Date | Jurisdiction | Event | Impact |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jul 2026 | Australia | AML/CTF Amendment Bill 2024 — gold dealer obligations mandatory | All dealers must comply |
| May 2025 | India (DGFT) | Notification 08/2025-26 — HS restructure UAE gold imports | CEPA compliance tightened |
| 2024 | EU | CSRD — supply chain due diligence including precious metals | Major jewellery brands impacted |
| Jul 2024 | India | Import duty reduced 15% → 6% | Initial decline reversed by price surge |
| 2022 | USA/EU/UK | Russia SWIFT sanctions + gold export ban | $10B+ rerouted via UAE/Turkey |
| 2022 | India | IIBX launched in GIFT City · IFSCA regulated | First formal India bullion exchange |
| 2019 | Singapore | PSPM Act — precious metals AML/CFT framework | Asia's most robust gold AML regime |
| 2019 | India | Import duty raised to 12.5% | Immediate documented smuggling surge |
Sovereign Gold Flows
CB purchases 2025
1,237t
Near-record sovereign demand
BRICS+ gold reserves
17.4%
↑ from 11.2% in 2019
ETF AUM Mar 2026
$701B
Historic high · WGC
Russia reserves in gold
47%
World's 5th largest holder
Central Bank Purchases — Annual Trend (tonnes)
WGC
Top Holders by Gold % of Reserves
IMF IFS
Top Central Bank Accumulators — 2025
WGC
| Country | 2025 purchase | Total reserves | % of reserves | Strategic driver |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Poland | +80t | 570t | ~17% | Geopolitical hedge · NATO eastern flank |
| China (PBoC) | +27t | 2,306t | ~9% | De-dollarisation · dual-channel accumulation |
| Turkey | +27t | 644t | ~32% | Currency hedge · inflation buffer |
| India (RBI) | Active | ~900t | ~10% | Reserve diversification · rupee hedge |
| Russia | -6.22t | 2,317t | 47% | Sanctions-driven · selling to fund deficit |
| Kazakhstan | Active | ~300t | ~62% | Resource exporter · hard asset preference |
| Singapore (MAS) | Active | ~225t | ~5% | Diversification · Asia safe haven role |
| Czech Republic | Growing | ~50t | ~4% | EU member diversifying from EUR exposure |
Intelligence Data Sources
Bucks Data Architecture — How It Works
All intelligence on this platform is derived from 100% public data sources. Python sync scripts run on GitHub Actions (free tier) every 6 hours, pulling from 22 endpoints, normalising the data, and writing to JSON files served alongside the HTML. Total infrastructure cost at Phase 1: ₹0. The intelligence platform is the Bucks protocol's trust proof — transparent, verifiable, auditable by anyone.
gold-api.com
Live price · Real-time
Free XAU/USD, XAG/USD live spot. No key required. CORS-enabled. Used for all live price feeds and arbitrage calculations.
gold-api.com/price/XAU
Free · No keyfreegoldapi.com
Historical · 768 years
768 years of XAU/USD history. CORS-enabled, no key needed. Daily auto-update via GitHub Actions. Gold/silver ratio included.
freegoldapi.com/api/gold-price/latest
Free · CORSmetals.dev
Multi-currency · 60s refresh
Live spot in 170+ currencies including INR. MCX India, LBMA London fix, bid/ask spreads. Free tier: 100 req/month.
api.metals.dev/v1/latest?currency=INR
Free keyOpenSanctions
Sanctions · 328 global sources
328 global lists consolidated — UN, OFAC, EU, UK, India, UAE. Deduped, clean dataset. Free for non-commercial. Daily updates.
data.opensanctions.org/datasets/default/
Free (non-commercial)OFAC SDN List
US Sanctions · Multiple daily
US Treasury SDN list. JSON/XML download. Gold dealers, refiners, exporters from sanctioned states. Updates multiple times daily.
ofac.treasury.gov/downloads/sdn.json
Free · No keyUN Security Council
Conflict sanctions · XML
Consolidated UN SC list. DRC, Mali, Sudan, DPRK — all conflict-gold corridor states. XML download. Published as amended.
scsanctions.un.org
FreeEU FSF Sanctions
EU consolidated · Daily
EU consolidated financial sanctions. Russian gold ban, Belarus, Iran. XML/JSON. Critical for LBMA and European jewellers.
EC webgate FSF XML
FreeDRI Press Releases
India enforcement · Real-time
Every India gold seizure within hours. Python BeautifulSoup scraper. Multi-corridor filter (Kerala, NE, land, air). Primary India intel.
dri.nic.in/main/prelease
Free · ScrapeablePIB RSS Feed
India govt announcements
All Finance Ministry, DRI, and Customs gold announcements via RSS. Real-time monitoring of Indian enforcement landscape.
pib.gov.in/RssMain.aspx?ModId=6
Free RSSSansad.in (Parliament)
India parliamentary data
Finance Ministry gold seizure statistics in written replies. Airport-wise breakdowns — most granular India data source available.
sansad.in/ls/questions/
Public recordsUN Comtrade
Trade flows · HS 7108
Official bilateral gold trade statistics. India-UAE, UAE-Africa. Free tier: 500 req/month. Monthly data, annual from 1988.
comtradeplus.un.org/?cmdCode=7108
Free keyIMF IFS (SDMX API)
Central bank reserves · Monthly
Official central bank gold holdings for all countries. Free SDMX JSON API. 2-month lag. Primary source for WGC CB data.
dataservices.imf.org/REST/SDMX_JSON.svc/
Free SDMXFRED (St. Louis Fed)
Macro / Daily
LBMA gold price series, USD index, interest rates — all macro drivers of gold price. Free API key. Excellent for correlations.
api.stlouisfed.org/fred/series/observations
Free keyWorld Gold Council
Market intelligence
Quarterly demand trends, central bank data, mine production, ETF flows. Industry standard reference. Downloadable datasets.
gold.org/goldhub/data
Free downloadGlobal Witness
Conflict minerals intel
Investigations into DRC, Mali, Sudan conflict gold. Dubai nexus documentation. Used by LBMA for responsible sourcing audits.
globalwitness.org/campaigns/conflict-minerals/
Free reportsTraCCC GMU
Academic intelligence
George Mason University research on Dubai as illicit gold hub. Definitive study on all major corridors. All reports free.
traccc.gmu.edu/publications/
Free researchGFI (Global Fin. Integrity)
Trade misinvoicing
Tracks gold trade misinvoicing between India-UAE, LatAm-USA. Illicit financial flow quantification. Annual reports free.
gfintegrity.org/reports/
Free reportsUSGS Mineral Resources
Mine production · Annual
Gold mine production by country. Free Excel/CSV download. Critical for supply-side and provenance analysis globally.
usgs.gov/centers/nmic/gold-statistics
Free downloadDMCC Trade Reports
UAE gold trade · Annual
Dubai Multi Commodities Centre annual gold trade data. UAE is world's largest gold re-export hub. Member refinery list public.
dmcc.ae/knowledge-centre/reports
Free PDFIndia TradeStats (MoCI)
India trade · Monthly
Ministry of Commerce HS 7108 import/export by country. 2017-present. Most granular India bilateral trade data. Free CSV.
tradestat.commerce.gov.in
Free downloadBIS Statistics
Banking + FX · Quarterly
Bank for International Settlements. Gold-backed lending, cross-border gold flows, Russia evasion documentation. Free.
bis.org/statistics/full_data_sets.htm
Free downloadWorld Bank Open Data
Macro indicators
Current account, commodity forecasts, inflation affecting gold demand. Full free REST API. Quarterly updates.
api.worldbank.org/v2/
Free API